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Material Expertise

CNC Machining Materials

We machine over 60 different metals and plastics to meet your exact specifications. Our material experts help you select the optimal material balancing performance, machinability, and cost.

Request a Quote Material Selection Guide
Categories

Material Families

Explore our comprehensive selection of CNC machining materials organized by category.

Metals & Alloys

Aluminum, steel, stainless steel, titanium, brass, copper, and specialty alloys for demanding applications.

6061 Aluminum 304 Stainless Titanium +50 more

Forging

Superior strength through forged grain structure. Open die, closed die, and ring rolling with precision CNC finishing.

Open Die Closed Die Ring Rolling

Die Casting

High-volume production with excellent surface finish. Aluminum, zinc, and magnesium die casting with CNC machining.

Aluminum Zinc Magnesium
Quick Reference

Material Comparison Chart

Compare properties of our most frequently machined materials at a glance.

Material Category Density (g/cm³) Machinability Strength Corrosion Res. Best Applications
1050 Aluminum 1xxx Series (Pure Al) 2.71 Excellent Low Excellent Chemical equipment, reflectors, heat exchangers
1060 Aluminum 1xxx Series (Pure Al) 2.70 Excellent Low Excellent Electrical conductors, lighting, decorative trim
1100 Aluminum 1xxx Series (Pure Al) 2.71 Excellent Low Excellent Food containers, heat exchangers, nameplates
1200 Aluminum 1xxx Series (Pure Al) 2.70 Excellent Low Excellent General sheet metal, fin stock, chemical equipment
2011 Aluminum 2xxx Series (Al-Cu) 2.83 Excellent High Poor Screw machine products, fittings, connectors
2017 Aluminum 2xxx Series (Al-Cu) 2.79 Good High Poor Rivets, screw machine products, general machining
2024-T3/T4 Aluminum 2xxx Series (Al-Cu) 2.78 Good Very High Poor Aircraft structures, fuselage, truck wheels
2A12 Aluminum 2xxx Series (Al-Cu) 2.78 Good Very High Poor Aerospace, high-load structural parts
2014 Aluminum 2xxx Series (Al-Cu) 2.80 Good Very High Poor Heavy-duty forgings, aircraft fittings, truck frames
3003 Aluminum 3xxx Series (Al-Mn) 2.73 Excellent Medium Excellent Heat exchangers, cooking utensils, storage tanks
3004 Aluminum 3xxx Series (Al-Mn) 2.72 Good Medium Excellent Beverage cans, roofing, color-coated aluminum
3105 Aluminum 3xxx Series (Al-Mn) 2.72 Good Medium Good Building products, caps, closures, sheet metal
3A21 Aluminum 3xxx Series (Al-Mn) 2.73 Excellent Medium Excellent Tank trucks, pressure vessels, aircraft fuel tanks
4032 Aluminum 4xxx Series (Al-Si) 2.68 Fair High Good Pistons, engine components, wear-resistant parts
4043 Aluminum 4xxx Series (Al-Si) 2.69 Good Medium Good Welding wire, brazing, automotive components
4047 Aluminum 4xxx Series (Al-Si) 2.66 Good Medium Good Laser welding filler, semiconductor packaging
4A01 Aluminum 4xxx Series (Al-Si) 2.69 Good Medium Good Building panels, welding electrodes, brazing sheet
5052 Aluminum 5xxx Series (Al-Mg) 2.68 Good Medium Excellent Marine, fuel tanks, sheet metal work
5083 Aluminum 5xxx Series (Al-Mg) 2.66 Good High Excellent Ship hulls, pressure vessels, cryogenic tanks
5086 Aluminum 5xxx Series (Al-Mg) 2.66 Good High Excellent Marine applications, armor plate, unfired vessels
5754 Aluminum 5xxx Series (Al-Mg) 2.67 Good Medium Excellent Automotive body panels, welded structures
5A06 Aluminum 5xxx Series (Al-Mg) 2.64 Good High Excellent Welded structures, pressure vessels, ship building
5A02 Aluminum 5xxx Series (Al-Mg) 2.68 Good Medium Excellent Aircraft fuel tanks, pipework, general welding
6061-T6 Aluminum 6xxx Series (Al-Mg-Si) 2.70 Excellent Medium Good General purpose, fixtures, electronics housings
6063-T5 Aluminum 6xxx Series (Al-Mg-Si) 2.70 Excellent Medium Good Architectural extrusions, window frames, pipes
6082-T6 Aluminum 6xxx Series (Al-Mg-Si) 2.71 Good High Good Structural applications, bridges, trusses
6005 Aluminum 6xxx Series (Al-Mg-Si) 2.70 Good Medium Good Ladders, scaffolding, structural profiles
6101 Aluminum 6xxx Series (Al-Mg-Si) 2.70 Excellent Medium Good Electrical conductors, bus bars, high conductivity
7050-T7451 Aluminum 7xxx Series (Al-Zn) 2.83 Good Very High Fair Aircraft bulkheads, fuselage frames
7075-T6 Aluminum 7xxx Series (Al-Zn) 2.81 Good Very High Fair Aerospace, high-stress structural parts
7A04 Aluminum 7xxx Series (Al-Zn) 2.78 Fair Very High Poor Aircraft beams, landing gear, military applications
7A09 Aluminum 7xxx Series (Al-Zn) 2.87 Fair Very High Poor High strength forgings, aerospace, die forgings
Magnesium AZ31B Mg Wrought Alloy 1.77 Excellent Medium Poor Ultra-lightweight parts, consumer electronics, aircraft
Magnesium AZ61A Mg Wrought Alloy 1.80 Excellent High Poor Extrusions, forgings, high strength wrought parts
Magnesium AZ80A Mg Wrought Alloy 1.80 Good High Poor High strength forgings, aerospace components
Magnesium AZ91D Mg Cast Alloy 1.81 Excellent Medium Fair Die cast housings, automotive parts, power tools
Magnesium AZ91C Mg Cast Alloy 1.81 Excellent Medium Fair Sand castings, general purpose cast parts
Magnesium AM60B Mg Cast Alloy 1.80 Excellent Medium Fair Automotive, high ductility & energy absorption
Magnesium AM50A Mg Cast Alloy 1.77 Excellent Medium Fair Steering wheels, seat frames, instrument panels
Magnesium WE43 Mg Rare Earth Alloy 1.84 Fair High Good Aerospace, biomedical implants, high temp apps
Magnesium ZK60A Mg High Strength Alloy 1.83 Good Very High Poor High strength forgings, bicycle parts, aerospace
Stainless Steel 303 Austenitic SS 8.03 Good High Good Screw machine parts, fittings, gears, shafts
Stainless Steel 304 Austenitic SS 8.00 Fair High Excellent Food grade, kitchen equipment, chemical processing
Stainless Steel 304L Austenitic SS 8.00 Fair Medium Excellent Welded structures, tanks, low-carbon applications
Stainless Steel 316 Austenitic SS 8.00 Fair High Excellent Marine, surgical implants, pharmaceutical equipment
Stainless Steel 316L Austenitic SS 8.00 Fair Medium Excellent Medical devices, welded chemical equipment
Stainless Steel 420 Martensitic SS 7.74 Fair High Fair Cutlery, surgical instruments, valve parts
Stainless Steel 430 Ferritic SS 7.70 Good Medium Good Automotive trim, appliances, kitchen sinks
Stainless Steel 630 (17-4 PH) Precipitation Hardening SS 7.78 Fair Very High Good Aerospace, valves, turbine blades, nuclear
Stainless Steel 321 Austenitic SS 8.03 Fair High Excellent Aircraft exhaust, high temperature applications
Stainless Steel 310S Austenitic SS 7.98 Fair High Excellent Heat treatment fixtures, furnace parts
Stainless Steel 410 Martensitic SS 7.74 Good Medium Fair Cutlery, valves, fasteners, shafts
Stainless Steel 430Ti Ferritic SS 7.70 Good Medium Good Welded construction, exhaust systems
Stainless Steel 434 Ferritic SS 7.70 Good Medium Good Automotive trim, moldings
Stainless Steel 440A Martensitic SS 7.74 Fair High Fair Bearings, knife blades, measuring instruments
Stainless Steel 440C Martensitic SS 7.75 Difficult Very High Fair Bearings, knife blades, highest hardness
Stainless Steel 15-5 PH Precipitation Hardening SS 7.78 Fair Very High Good Aerospace valves, high strength fasteners
Stainless Steel 17-7 PH Precipitation Hardening SS 7.80 Fair High Good Springs, diaphragms, clips, aircraft parts
Stainless Steel 2205 Duplex Duplex SS 7.82 Fair Very High Excellent Chemical processing, offshore, desalination
Stainless Steel 2507 Super Duplex Super Duplex SS 7.85 Difficult Very High Excellent Oil & gas, seawater, high pressure applications
Q235 Steel Carbon Steel 7.85 Excellent Medium Poor Structural steel, bridges, general construction
20# Steel (AISI 1020) Carbon Steel 7.85 Excellent Medium Poor Case hardening, carburizing, pins, gears
45# Steel (AISI 1045) Carbon Steel 7.85 Good High Poor Shafts, axles, bolts, gears, connecting rods
1215 Steel (Free-cutting) Free-cutting Steel 7.87 Excellent Medium Poor High-speed automatic screw machine parts
40Cr Steel (AISI 5140) Alloy Steel 7.85 Good Very High Poor Gears, shafts, spindles, high-strength fasteners
20Cr Steel (AISI 5120) Alloy Steel 7.85 Good High Poor Case-hardened gears, piston pins, cam shafts
35CrMo Steel (AISI 4135) Alloy Steel 7.85 Good Very High Poor High strength shafts, fasteners, pressure vessels
4140 Steel (42CrMo4) Alloy Steel 7.85 Good Very High Poor High strength shafts, gears, tooling, crankshafts
4340 Steel (40CrNiMoA) Alloy Steel 7.85 Fair Very High Poor Aircraft landing gear, high fatigue resistance
8620 Steel (20CrMnTi) Alloy Steel 7.85 Good High Poor Gears, carburizing, high wear resistance parts
T2 Copper (C11000) Pure Copper 8.94 Good Low Excellent Electrical conductors, busbars, heat exchangers
TU0 Copper (C10100) Oxygen-Free Copper 8.94 Good Low Excellent Electronics, vacuum tubes, superconductors
TU1 Copper (C10200) Oxygen-Free Copper 8.94 Good Low Excellent Waveguides, lead frames, high-purity applications
TU2 Copper (C10300) Oxygen-Free Copper 8.94 Good Low Excellent Electrical conductors, semiconductor equipment
C1020 Copper (OFC) Oxygen-Free Copper 8.94 Good Low Excellent Audio equipment, precision electronics, busbars
C1100 Copper (ETP) Electrolytic Copper 8.94 Good Low Excellent Heat sinks, electrical connectors, busbars
H62 Brass (C28000) Brass (Cu-Zn) 8.43 Excellent Medium Good Hardware, plumbing, decorative parts
H59 Brass (C38500) Brass (Cu-Zn) 8.40 Excellent Medium Good Valves, fittings, forged hardware
H65 Brass (C27000) Brass (Cu-Zn) 8.47 Excellent Medium Good Hardware, plumbing fittings, radiator fins
H68 Brass (C26800) Brass (Cu-Zn) 8.47 Excellent Medium Good Radiator cores, lamp fixtures, automotive parts
H70 Brass (C26000) Cartridge Brass 8.53 Excellent Medium Good Deep drawing, ammunition, springs, connectors
H80 Brass (C24000) Low Brass 8.67 Excellent Low Good Musical instruments, flexible hose, ornamental
C360 Brass (Free-cutting) Free-cutting Brass 8.50 Excellent Medium Good Precision screw machine parts, connectors
Titanium Grade 2 Pure Titanium 4.51 Fair Medium Excellent Medical implants, marine, chemical processing
Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) Titanium Alloy 4.43 Difficult Very High Excellent Aerospace structures, medical implants
View International Material Equivalents
Excellent Conductivity

Copper & Copper Alloys

Superior electrical and thermal conductivity. Ideal for electronics, heat exchangers, and electrical components.

Pure Copper (99.9%+ Cu)

C11000 / T2 (ETP Copper)

Electrolytic Tough Pitch

Most common commercial copper. 99.9% pure with excellent conductivity for electrical applications.

Conductivity
101% IACS
Tensile Strength
220-365 MPa
Machinability
Good
Weldability
Excellent

Applications: Bus bars, electrical connectors, heat exchangers, roofing

C10100 / TU0 (OFE Copper)

Oxygen-Free Electronic

Highest purity copper (99.99%+). Ultra-low oxygen content for critical electronic applications.

Conductivity
101% IACS
Purity
99.99%
Oxygen Content
<0.0005%
Outgassing
Very Low

Applications: Vacuum tubes, semiconductors, superconductors, waveguides

C10200 / TU1 (OF Copper)

Oxygen-Free Copper

99.95% pure copper. Excellent for hydrogen brazing and high vacuum applications.

Conductivity
100% IACS
Purity
99.95%
Brazeability
Excellent
H2 Embrittlement
Resistant

Applications: Vacuum seals, electronic components, cryogenic applications

C12200 / TP2 (DHP Copper)

Phosphorus Deoxidized

Deoxidized with phosphorus for excellent weldability and brazeability.

Conductivity
85% IACS
Tensile Strength
220-340 MPa
Weldability
Excellent
Formability
Excellent

Applications: Plumbing tubes, heat exchangers, air conditioning, refrigeration

Brass Alloys (Cu-Zn)

C36000 / HPb59-1

Free-Cutting Brass

Best machinability of all copper alloys. Contains lead for chip breaking. Rated 100% on machinability scale.

Tensile Strength
340-470 MPa
Hardness
55-80 HRB
Machinability
100% (Best)
Zn Content
35-38%

Applications: Screw machine products, gears, valve stems, fittings

C28000 / H62 Brass

Muntz Metal

60/40 brass with excellent hot working properties. Good strength and corrosion resistance.

Tensile Strength
370-470 MPa
Hardness
65-85 HRB
Machinability
Good
Hot Working
Excellent

Applications: Architectural trim, marine hardware, heat exchangers

C27000 / H65 Brass

Yellow Brass

65% copper brass with excellent cold working properties and good corrosion resistance.

Tensile Strength
315-400 MPa
Elongation
45-65%
Cold Working
Excellent
Zn Content
33-37%

Applications: Ammunition cases, lamp fittings, radiator tubes

C26800 / H68 Brass

Yellow Brass

High ductility brass suitable for deep drawing and severe forming operations.

Tensile Strength
300-370 MPa
Elongation
55-68%
Formability
Excellent
Zn Content
31-34%

Applications: Deep drawn parts, springs, electrical connectors

C26000 / H70 Brass

Cartridge Brass

70/30 brass - The benchmark brass for cold forming. Excellent combination of strength and ductility.

Tensile Strength
300-365 MPa
Elongation
62%
Formability
Excellent
Corrosion Res.
Good

Applications: Ammunition, plumbing, automotive radiators, musical instruments

C46400 Naval Brass

Tin-Modified

Contains tin for improved seawater corrosion resistance. Excellent for marine applications.

Tensile Strength
380-470 MPa
Sn Content
0.5-1.0%
Seawater Res.
Excellent
Dezincification
Resistant

Applications: Marine hardware, propeller shafts, valve stems, condenser tubes

Bronze Alloys

C93200 / ZCuSn10Pb1

SAE 660 Bearing Bronze

Most widely used bearing bronze. Excellent wear resistance and conformability under load.

Tensile Strength
240 MPa
Hardness
65 HB
Wear Resistance
Excellent
Load Capacity
21 MPa

Applications: Bushings, bearings, pump impellers, valve components

C95400 / QAl9-4

Aluminum Bronze

High strength bronze with excellent corrosion resistance. Superior to manganese bronze.

Tensile Strength
585 MPa
Yield Strength
240 MPa
Hardness
170 HB
Corrosion Res.
Excellent

Applications: Marine propellers, pump components, heavy-duty bearings, gears

C95500 / QAl10-4-4

Nickel Aluminum Bronze

Highest strength bronze alloy. Exceptional seawater resistance and mechanical properties.

Tensile Strength
690 MPa
Yield Strength
310 MPa
Hardness
195 HB
Ni Content
4-5.5%

Applications: Ship propellers, valve guides, heavy-duty gears, landing gear bushings

C51000 / QSn6.5-0.1

Phosphor Bronze A

Excellent spring properties with high fatigue resistance. Low coefficient of friction.

Tensile Strength
325-500 MPa
Sn Content
4.2-5.8%
Spring Property
Excellent
Fatigue Res.
Excellent

Applications: Springs, electrical contacts, connectors, bellows, diaphragms

C52100 / QSn8-0.3

Phosphor Bronze C

Higher tin content for better strength and wear resistance than C51000.

Tensile Strength
380-560 MPa
Sn Content
7.0-9.0%
Wear Resistance
Excellent
Hardness
95-115 HV

Applications: Heavy-duty springs, bearing cages, electrical switches

C65500 / QSi3-1

Silicon Bronze A

Excellent for welding and brazing. High strength with superior corrosion resistance.

Tensile Strength
390-640 MPa
Si Content
2.8-3.8%
Weldability
Excellent
Hot Working
Excellent

Applications: Welding rods, marine hardware, poles, hydraulic lines

Specialty Copper Alloys

C17200 / QBe2

Beryllium Copper

Highest strength copper alloy. Combines spring properties with electrical conductivity. Non-sparking.

Tensile Strength
1100-1400 MPa
Hardness
36-42 HRC
Conductivity
22% IACS
Non-Sparking
Yes

Applications: Springs, contacts, mold inserts, non-sparking tools, plastic injection molds

C70600 / BFe10-1-1

Cupronickel 90/10

Excellent seawater corrosion resistance. Anti-biofouling properties prevent marine growth.

Tensile Strength
275-415 MPa
Ni Content
9-11%
Seawater Res.
Excellent
Biofouling
Resistant

Applications: Marine condensers, seawater piping, desalination plants, offshore platforms

C71500 / BFe30-1-1

Cupronickel 70/30

Superior resistance to high velocity seawater. Better strength than 90/10 cupronickel.

Tensile Strength
380-520 MPa
Ni Content
29-33%
Velocity Res.
Excellent
Erosion Res.
Superior

Applications: High-velocity seawater systems, heat exchangers, naval vessels

C75200 / BZn18-18

Nickel Silver (German Silver)

Silver-white appearance without silver content. Excellent for decorative and optical applications.

Tensile Strength
380-520 MPa
Ni Content
17-19%
Appearance
Silver-White
Tarnish Res.
Excellent

Applications: Musical instruments, optical equipment, jewelry, tableware

Copper Alloys Quick Reference

Alloy Type Conductivity Tensile Strength Best For
C11000 (T2) Pure Copper 101% IACS 220-365 MPa Electrical conductivity
C10100 (TU0) OFE Copper 101% IACS 220-350 MPa Electronics, vacuum
C36000 Free-Cut Brass 26% IACS 340-470 MPa Screw machine parts
C26000 (H70) Cartridge Brass 28% IACS 300-365 MPa Cold forming
C93200 Bearing Bronze 12% IACS 240 MPa Bushings, bearings
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 13% IACS 585 MPa High strength marine
C51000 Phosphor Bronze 15% IACS 325-500 MPa Springs, contacts
C17200 Beryllium Copper 22% IACS 1100-1400 MPa Highest strength
Expert Guidance

Need Help Selecting Materials?

Choosing the right material is critical to your part's performance and cost. Our engineering team can help you evaluate options based on your specific requirements:

  • Mechanical properties (strength, hardness, wear resistance)
  • Environmental factors (corrosion, temperature, chemicals)
  • Machinability and cost considerations
  • Industry certifications and compliance
Talk to an Engineer

Material Selection Factors

Mechanical Requirements Primary
Environmental Factors Important
Cost & Availability Consider
Machinability Factor
Resources

Related Resources

Material Selection Guide

Step-by-step guide to choosing the right material for your application.

Surface Finishing

Anodizing, plating, coating, and other finishing options for your parts.

Tolerances Guide

Standard and achievable tolerances for different materials and processes.

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